Early Leather Hoses (16th–19th Century)
Dutch innovators pioneered the first fire hoses in the late 16th century, crafting them from stitched leather strips. Though bulky, these cowhide tubes outperformed manual bucket brigades, marking a leap in firefighting efficiency. Leather hoses dominated until the 19th century, despite their weight and susceptibility to damage.
Transition to Linen and Synthetic Materials
By the late 1800s, woven linen hoses replaced leather, offering lighter weight and improved water flow. However, linen still leaked and degraded quickly. Modern hoses now combine woven nylon cores with vulcanized rubber jackets, ensuring durability and heat resistance. For example, the London Fire Brigade uses nitrile rubber-coated hoses to withstand extreme conditions.
Design Innovations and Modern Features
Today’s hoses prioritize functionality:
Layflat Design: Red-colored hoses flatten when empty (10 cm wide), simplifying storage and transport.
Reinforced Layers: Nylon cores prevent bulging under high pressure, while dimpled inner surfaces optimize water flow.
Protective Couplings: Aluminum fittings allow reuse, reducing waste when hoses are retired.
